ALL ABOUT DIABETES

Hello,Greetings to all.....

Now the topic is most common disease worldwide....

                                DIABETES 
      

  Diabetes is condition that impairs the body ability to process blood glucose otherwise known as blood sugar.
A group disease that results too much sugar in blood over longer period.

There are some early signs of diabetes...

• Increase thirst
• Increase hunger
•  Frequent urination

It is due to either pancreas failure to produce enough insulin or cells of the body not responding properly to insulin.

There are many forms of Diabetes:

-Type 1 Diabetes

It is well known as juvenile diabetes.This occurs in body which fails to  produce insulin.
They are insulin dependent which means they must take artificial insulin to stay alive.

-Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes affects way body uses insulin.
Body still make insulin but cells in body do not respond to it as effectively as they once did.

-Gestational Diabetes

This type occurs in women during pregnancy when body become less sensitive to insulin.
Gestational diabetes does not occur in all women and usually resume after giving birth.

There is term known as prediabetes or borderline diabetes when blood sugar ranges 100 to 125 mg/dl.

Normal blood sugar is between 70 and 99 mg/dl.

Whereas person having diabetes fasting blood sugar higher than 126 mg/dl.

Risk factors for diabetes mellitus

• Being overweight
• Family history
• High HDL or bad cholesterol
• History of high blood pressure.
• Having gestational diabetes.
• Age more than 45 years.
• Having sedentary lifestyle.  

Complications

-Dental and gum problems.
-Eye problems and sight issues.
-Foot problems,including numbness,leading to ulcers and untreated injuries and cuts.
-Heart disease
-Nerve damage such as diabetic neuropathy.
-Stroke
-Kidney disease.
-Diabetic keto acidosis-mainly a complication of type 1 diabetes  where fat is use as a fuel for body which leads to triglyceride formation.
-Dementia -Alzheimer disease.
-Depression.

Symptoms

• Increase urination
• Increase thirst
• Fatigue
• Darken skin-Insulin resistance might lead to development of skin condition called acanthosis nigricans.
• Slow wound healing
• Extreme hunger
• Frequent infections 

Diagnosis

Blood tests

• Fasting blood sugar (fbs) not exceed more than 126 mg/dl
• Postpradinal blood sugar (ppbs) not exceed more than
• Glycalated hemoglobin (HBA1c) amount of glucose that attached to red blood cells over time should not exceed more than 7percent.

Fbs and ppbs can be checked by glucometer.

Treatment

Healthy diet
-Center your diet on fruits and vegetables,lean proteins,and whole grains.
-Foods that are high in nutrition and fiber should be taken.
-Cut down the sweets,fats and refined carbohydrates like bread,pizza,pasta,cake,pastries etc....

Exercises
-30 minutes aerobic exercise like swimming,walking,biking..
-WHO recommended that children at age of 5 to 17 years should do exercise for 60 minutes.

Type 1 Diabetes  patient should frequently check blood sugar.
Type 2 Diabetes patient should modify the life style, take medication along with insulin both.
Type 1 diabetes ,insulin is only way .
Type 2  diabetes ,medication is first choice,than insulin can be part of treatment.Insulin can be long acting,short acting or its combination.

Oral medication

Metformin- Prevent liver to produce glucose.
Sulphonylureas- Increase level of insulin.
Meglitinides- Same action as sulphonylureas but act for shorter time.
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors- Slow down digestion of carbohydrates in small intestine there by can help reduce after meal blood sugar levels.
Thiazolidinedione/Glitazones- Improve insulin sensitivity over cells of body.
Gliptins-DPR4 inhibitor-Stimulate the production of insulin and lowers the production of glucagon.
GLP-1 analogues Incretin - Injectable treatment mimic effect of incretins which increase production of insulin.
Amylin analogues- Amylin helps to suppress glucagon release.

THESE ABOVE ARE CHEMICAL NAMES OF ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS.


Pancreas transplant can be treatment option.

Stem cell transplant  of pancreas i.e., islets of Langerhans which produce insulin can be choice in type 1 diabetes 

Gestational diabetes treatment-Maintain blood sugar level with healthy diet which nurture the baby too,exercise.
Blood sugar of mother can be at normal level after child birth.From the body of child large amount of insulin.

Treatment of prediabetes is healthy diet,exercise,and some drugs is useful to get rid of it.

Signs of trouble in diabetes

• Hyperglycemia:Frequent urination,increase thirst,dry mouth,blurred vision,fatigue,nausea.  Insulin injection is only treatment.
• Hypoglycemia:Sweating,Shakiness,weakness,hunger,dizziness,headache,blured vision,heart palpitation,irritability,slurred speech,drowsiness,confusion,fainting,seizures.Glucose tablet or fruit juice is line of treatment.

Home remedies

• Identify yourself i.e., signs of changes in blood sugar and treat accordingly.
• Schedule a yearly physical and regular eye examination.
• Keep vaccination up to date because immunity is compromise in diabetes.Get a shots of flu vaccine, pneumonia vaccine etc., at time.

• Pay attention to foot hygiene.Wear socks throughout day,make sure they are not too tight.Watch out cuts, ulcers ,blisters,etc..as sensation are hampered.Massage your feet to increase blood circulation.
• Keep your blood pressure and cholesterol under control.
• Take care of gum and teeth and get physical examination every six months.
• Relaxation techniques and meditation  is helpful to get rid of diabetes.

Some relaxation techniques are contract all the muscles of body from down to up i.e., from toes to neck.
Contract one of group of muscles hold for 10 sec and relax.Loosen up the clothes.Breathe slowly and deeply.

That's all, I had tried my level best to explain diabetes and tried that no topic or concept is miss..If any query do contact me.

Sugar is sweet and is use in all good times but it is poison for diabetic patient.

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